绿色力量预测:部分多云 - 短期
当石油价格去年夏天飙升时,对任何可再生能源项目的投资似乎都是审慎的,甚至是必要的决定。然而,在几个月内,石油成本下降,经济趋势和优先事项也发生了变化。
"Any time conventional energy prices drop, it impacts renewable energy spending," notes Ying Wu, senior analyst for Lux Research, a New York-based emerging technologies research firm. "Solar is more expensive now that fossil fuel prices have gone back down."
对于企业主和投资者来说,这遍地厄运要在投资上寻求短期收益,但是那些长期观看的人更有可能将可再生能源视为有价值的能源,尤其是在2009年的《美国恢复和再投资法》的刺激套餐中,可提供数十亿美元的刺激措施。在某些情况下,绿色功率激励措施可能会抵消一些可再生能源装置的50%。
然而,严重的信誉仍然是一个障碍。
吴说:“对于已经对雅虎和沃尔玛等太阳能项目进行了投资的公司,他们可能会继续使太阳能成为其能源组合的一部分。”“但是,刚刚开始考虑投资可再生能源的公司正在放缓,而无资助的项目的融资也在延迟。”
尽管几家太阳能公司由于融资而宣布了重大裁员,但总部位于华盛顿特区的太阳能产业协会的发言人莫妮克·哈尼斯(Monique Hanis)认为,三周前巴拉克·奥巴马(Barack Obama)签署的刺激计划将有助于改变一切。该措施包括能源部能源效率和可再生能源办公室(EERE)的168亿美元,增长了近十倍。
Three Reasons Why Renewable Energy is Worth a Second Look |
•新的联邦税收激励措施使可再生能源项目比以往任何时候都更加有益。分析师建议您可以利用这些激励措施来抵消项目总成本的一半。 • Many states offer further tax incentives and grants to promote renewable energy growth. Speak to your local utility company to identify resources, partnerships and other opportunities to offset the cost of renewable projects. •尽管化石燃料成本已经下降,但即将发生的气候变化立法和不确定的经济可能会发生价格波动。投资可再生能源是对冲成本的绝佳方式。 |
她说:“我们预计法案中的规定将刺激需求,开放融资并创造就业机会。”“我们希望可再生能源赠款,消除对补贴融资的罚款以及贷款担保将有助于释放信贷和投资市场,并且制造业税收抵免将扩大美国的制造业,这将使价格下跌。”
Lux analyst Johanna Schmidtke agrees. "The final stimulus bill offered a range of incentives for renewable energy," she says, pointing out the $6 billion earmarked to support loan guarantees for renewable energy and electric transmission technologies. The funds are expected to guarantee more than $60 billion in loans.
她说:“这应该鼓励可以从这些赠款中受益的私营部门公司的更多投资。”“它应该会产生可再生能源产生的大幅度上升。”
哈尼斯说,甚至在签署刺激法案之前,某些地区仍然表现出对太阳能的热情。例如,在加利福尼亚州,在2008年的最后五个月中,商业和住宅太阳能项目的赠款申请数量达到了创纪录的高点。尽管她希望这一利息在09年减少,但她认为这将是临时的和本地化的。
"You'll still see activity where there are federal and state incentives for solar," she says. Along with California, she expects progress to continue in Pennsylvania, Ohio and New Jersey, where government programs to support solar investment remain strong.
她说:“昨天我接到了宾夕法尼亚州一家制造公司的电话,该公司仍在通过太阳能供水项目前进。”“他们对此感到非常兴奋。”
她指出,尽管经济有经济,但几家主要企业也表现出对太阳能的强烈承诺。例如:
- 全球零售商沃尔玛(Wal-Mart)在1月份宣布,其墨西哥部门在墨西哥中部Aguascalientes市的Bodega Aurrera aguascalientes零售中心安装了1,056个光伏面板。
-- Kohl's, the specialty clothing retailer based in Menomonee Falls, Wis., is currently converting four of its nine stores in Oregon to solar power, and also has solar projects underway in California, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey and Wisconsin.
- 作为实现其所有新商店建筑预先认证的LEED金色地位的一部分,Office Depot将安装光伏太阳能电池阵列以抵消建筑物总年度能源成本的11%,并包括主动太阳能跟踪天窗,这些天窗可提供比以下光明商店的75%。这些计划将在未来的每个新商店建设项目中实施。
- 在其混合动力汽车的下一个重新设计中,汽车制造商丰田计划在车顶上安装太阳能电池板。即使关闭主发动机,面板也将为空调系统供电,并为其操作加油。
她谈到这些计划和其他举措时说:“肯定有很多活动。”“但是较大的项目将需要额外的资金才能生存。”
A Little Help from Uncle Sam
The new administration, along with the benefits included in the stimulus package, should boost all renewables industries, suggests Karlynn Cory, senior renewable energy analyst for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a renewable energy research and development lab in Golden, Colo.
她说:“这绝对是朝着正确方向迈出的一步,围绕流动性和税收市场的许多问题得到了解决。”
最有希望的增加之一是将生产税收抵免(PTC)扩展到2012年的风,以及所有其他可再生能源的2013年。PTC在可再生能源设施的运营的前10年中提供每千瓦时1.9美分的福利。
The extension also allows utilities and businesses already paying the alternative minimum tax (AMT) to take advantage of that credit, which creates greater incentives to invest in renewable energy. In the past, those companies that took advantage of the AMT were not eligible.
她说:“大多数公司都支付了AMT,因此为一组全新的投资者创造了机会。”“这些公司现在可以拥有太阳能运营并为此征收税收减免。对于拥有税收食欲的企业,这非常吸引人。”
Cory解释说,这些合并的税收激励措施意味着投资者从长期的10年信用中受益,以及在商业运营第一年中可以实现的短期前期30%的税收优惠。她估计,税收激励措施可以抵消太阳能安装的一半。“这是一种相当大的激励措施,影响了对可再生能源投资的经济学。”
科里预测,消除税法阻止公司不利用投资税收抵免,如果他们获得州或联邦计划的补贴,将进一步推动激励措施投资可再生能源。
她说:“刺激法案将加速以外的事情。”“这就像在项目开发上按下一个快速前进的按钮。希望到2010年初,它将使我们回到2008年的水平。”
She has spoken with major retailers and hotel chains that have already shown interest in investing in solar projects as a direct result of this change in the tax system.
较小的公司还在寻找与公用事业合作的方法,以利用类似的激励措施,而无需自己进行资本投资。这些合作伙伴关系允许公用事业在企业主的网站上建造和运营工厂,以换取固定的能源价格,北卡罗来纳州夏洛特的杜克能源公司发言人戴夫·斯坎佐尼(Dave Scanzoni)解释说。
他说:“它们就像该公用事业公司拥有和经营的小型工厂,但位于私人财产上。”杜克(Duke)目前在北卡罗来纳州有一项试点计划,可以与企业和住宅客户开发这种分布式生成系统。
"We've seen a lot of interest in this program," he says, noting that more than 500 customers contacted the utility about participating. "It's just a pilot program now, but it's a concept that in the long-term could address our clean energy needs."
科里说,创新投资机会和太阳能的降低价格的结合使这些项目具有吸引力。她说:“即使在当今市场上,这似乎是投资的好时机。”“太阳能是对冲当前电力和化石燃料市场的好方法,税收抵免是一种很好的甜味剂。”
吹风
Wind farms are not in as strong a position to benefit from all of these lucrative incentives. While wind project investors can currently take advantage of the production tax credit, a separate credit for wind is set to expire in December. That leaves owners of projects already underway scrambling to get them finished before the clock runs out, while investors with projects in the planning stages are slowing progress as they wait to see what happens next.
Most notably, T. Boone Pickens, the billionaire Texas oil tycoon who's been a champion of wind power for years, had to delay construction of his 4,000 megawatt $6 billion Texas wind project. He attributes the delay to the credit crunch and the falling price of natural gas. Construction was originally slated to begin in 2010, but it's now on hold until at least 2011.
吴预测,这种放缓可能会在整个风能行业中响应经济,但不相信它会淘汰。她指出:“风更接近传统的能源成本,而不是太阳能,它接近煤网。”“因为这样,风将继续增长,但速度较慢。”
实际上,她认为风能而不是经济的间歇性是广泛采用的主要障碍。
为了解决这个问题,包括太平洋天然气和电气公司,南加州爱迪生和杜克能源在内的许多公用事业公司目前正在开发存储技术,这些技术可以在其峰值上捕获风能并在停滞期间分发风能。
"Our CEO is a big proponent of renewable energy for the future, and we are in a good capital position to invest in it," says Scanzoni. Along with two solar initiatives, Duke recently acquired two wind companies in an effort to grow that side of the business. By the end of 2008 the company generated 500 megawatts of wind power, including two new wind farms in operation. It has another 5,000 megawatts under development.
他还指出,杜克能源公司(Duke Energy)非常支持刺激法案和任何相关的税收优惠。他说:“这不会影响我们今天正在从事的任何项目,但是将来可能会有好处使我们能够更快,更便宜地实施技术,我们将能够通过这些好处向我们的客户。”
杜克(Duke)于12月与沃尔玛(Wal-Mart)达成了一项协议,以提供德克萨斯州的Notrees Windpower Project在德克萨斯州360家商店中使用的电力的15%。
"Wal-Mart has shown a commitment to a green future on a number of fronts," Scanzoni says. "For Duke, it's exciting when a major partner can commit to these kinds of projects on a large scale because it makes renewable energy that much more cost-effective."
He believes that as the cost of fossil fuels continues to fluctuate and stricter climate change legislation moves forward, other companies, large and small, will follow suit.
"There is one certainty in the electricity market, and that is that costs will go up, and while renewable energy is still expensive, it pays off tremendously," he says. "Global warming is a reality and if we want to keep our businesses and our planet going, these are the choices we need to make."
莎拉·菲斯特·盖尔(Sarah Fister Gale)是芝加哥的自由作家。