Why Agreement on Climate Finance is Critical to COP16's Success

[编辑注：世界资源研究所的本文是其“From Copenhagen to Cancun“系列，研究了正在进行的气候谈判中的关键问题，包括减少排放的承诺，适应和技术转移。]

关于气候融资的协议对于坎昆的成功至关重要。

Last year's climate talks in Copenhagen recognized that developing countries will need scaled-up financial support to reduce their emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. Developed countries have since madefinancial pledgestowards the $30 billion in promised "fast start" climate finance to meet the short-term needs of developing countries. In Copenhagen, developed countries also committed to mobilizing $100 billion from a wide variety of sources to meet developing countries financing needs by 2020, but the long-term needs remain much higher.

The current negotiating text for the meeting in Cancun outlines the critical decisions that need to be made in order to mobilize stable, predictable, and adequate resources for the long-term, and manage it in a transparent and effective manner. The following issues will take top priority on negotiators' "to-do" list for climate finance:

•建立一个新的全球气候基金，并为其治理安排。

• Creation of a framework to account for the delivery fast-start and long-term funding commitments; and

• Laying the foundation for generating stable, predictable and adequate long-term finance particularly through innovative sources of finance.

Establishing a New Global Climate Fund

In Copenhagen, countries called for the establishment of a new Climate Fund to scale-up climate financing to developing countries. While气候特定资金已经存在在支持发展中国家项目的INFCC内部和外部，这些资金不足以满足发展中国家的需求。此外，如果对新基金的决定是获得所需的广泛的政治支持，则必须接受strong governance structures和procedures that will give a greater voice to developing countries.

Since Copenhagen, the debate has centered on the essential elements of the governance and operations of the new Fund. For example, Parties need to decide:

•基金的法律性质和建立该基金的过程；
•基金的规模及其资源的来源；
•将管理基金的董事会的规模和组成；和
• the principles to guide the selection of the trustee and secretariat.

The ministers face some clear options on each of those issues in Cancun. The negotiations are complex, and countries hold sensitive positions, but at the end of the day the Fund needs to be established in a way that is representative of both developed and developing country interests while at the same time allowing for maximum efficiency and effectiveness to disburse and deliver resources to those who need it the most. They will have to make some trade-offs but it is feasible for them to arrive at an agreement.

考虑气候金融承诺的交付

To date,WRI researchindicates that individual country pledges add up to $29.27 billion of the $30 billion in 'fast start' funding promised in Copenhagen.

Countries have also been taking steps (e.g. through budget requests and appropriations processes) to make their pledges available, and have been providing additional details on their pledges. For example, the Obama Administration in the U.S. hasrequested Congressfor $1.9 billion for 2011, while theEU claims to have mobilized2.2 billion euros (or nearly US$3 billion) for 2010.

欢迎这种提高的透明度。重要的是要使国家对其承诺负责，同时也要在各方之间建立信任。它还可以指出流中的空白，并指导未来的资源分配。但是，所有国家都需要进一步的清晰度：

1. The objectives they are supporting, such as clean energy, REDD+ and/or adaptation

2.与为其他开发优先事项提供的资金有关的资金是否为“新和附加”

3. Which bilateral and multilateral institutions are being used to channel the resources

4.金融工具的类型，无论是贷款，赠款，保证和使用的

5.哪些国家朝着快速启动的承诺计算。这可以通过更详细的有关金融报告的准则来实现。

Scaling-up Long-Term Finance

Developed countries must deliver on their commitment to provide the US$100 billion per year to developing countries by 2020 to help them respond to the challenges of climate change. It will be very difficult to secure agreement on global climate action if there is no demonstrated willingness to help generate stable, predictable and adequate long term finance.

The UN Secretary General's High-Level Advisory Group on Finance (AGF) has shown that scaling-up climate financing to support developing countries for climate change ischallenging but feasible。可以选择菜单，可帮助您从每种选项中提供数万美元，转至哥本哈根峰会同意的1000亿美元财务目标。

Now, it is up to the all countries to choose the option/s that work best in their domestic contexts and take necessary steps to raise new revenues through these innovative mechanisms. At Cancun, the COP can launch a process that encourages countries to generate new resources and provide a platform for them to coordinate their efforts.

It is also up to the developed countries to make a share of these resources available to developing countries for tackling climate change. This is also important to ensure that the new Fund has adequate resources to support the climate mitigation and adaptation goals of developing countries.

图片CC由Flickr用户许可UN Climate Talks。