这是绿色建筑运动的大幅下降吗？

Green building often is described as a “movement”. Google the phrase, and you get hits from sources as diverse as the EPA, the National Association of Realtors, the National Bar Association, and Wikipedia. But what exactly is a movement?

一个简单的定义是“对共同目标的集体行动”。社会运动超越单一组织或机构，扎带许多寻求变革的人。社会学家概述four stages的发展,绿色建筑完美的插图trates this trajectory. In fact, using this framework shows that this movement could be facing a critical threshold today.

Stage 1: Emergence

In the earliest period of a social movement, various people begin to voice similar desires and discontent, but with little organization. The principles of green building are ancient, but it didn’t become a formal movement until the past two decades. General concerns about the environmental impact of development grew in the 1960s and 70s, and, after the energy crisis of the 70s and “sick building“80年代后期的恐慌，越来越多的人开始问架构是否可以对人和行星产生更积极的影响。

Stage 2: Coalescence

When a movement begins to coalesce, it unites disconnected parties around a strategic set of actions. In the early 1990s, several formal entities came into being to tackle the green building challenge: the American Institute of Architects formed theCommittee on the Environment1989年，BREEAMlaunched in the United Kingdom in 1990, the EPA and the Department of Energy started theENERGY STAR programin 1992, the美国绿色建筑委员会1993年结合在一起，推出了流行的Leadership in Energy and Environmental Designrating system in 1998. By the turn of the millennium, the movement was growing rapidly.

第3阶段：正式化

In the third stage of development, a movement can no longer rely just on raising awareness; progress depends on trained experts working with organized mechanisms for spurring change. In the early 2000s, LEED grew by leaps and bounds and, for the first time in the United States, the building industry had a specific method to evaluate and certify buildings according to a clear definition of “green”. According to估计, to date LEED has cut annual carbon emissions by nearly 10 million tons.

Stage 4: Decline

社会运动中进化的最后阶段是制度化，或“拒绝”。术语不一定是负的，因为在满足他们的目标之后许多运动逐渐减少。衰落通常发生五种特征中的一个或多个：

特质1：主流化

When a movement’s goals are adopted by the mainstream, there is no longer any need for the movement itself. This is, in fact, how the American Institute of Architects now portrays green building. In 2012, it removed sustainability from members’ continuing education requirements because, it宣布, “sustainable design practices have become a mainstream design intention.” Yet, according to the AIA's owndocumentation，只有12％的建筑公司正在满足能源效率的行业目标，LEED总量to date (3 billion square feet) represents only about one percent of thetotal building stock（2010年2750亿平方英尺）。绿色远非常态。

Trait 2: Repression

经常当局在宣布他们宣布危险后，使用他们的权力来控制或阻止运动，这正是今天在某些地区的绿色建筑发生的事情。在过去的一年或更长时间状态, including Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Ohio, have banned LEED in public buildings, due to the well-funded lobbying efforts of timber, chemical, and plastics industries, whose products do not measure up to the most rigorous green standards.

In 2012, a group of Congressmen, many of whom reportedly have received significant政治贡献from the industries above,宣称, “We are deeply concerned that the LEED rating system is becoming a tool to punish chemical companies and plastics makers.”

强大的力量一直试图杀死LEED，并且可以将绿色建筑的运动与它瘫痪。8月27日，USGBC和美国化学委员会，据说has funded much of the anti-LEED lobbying,宣布联合倡议“改善LEED”。这个新闻将创建Détente，或者它会妥协LEED以适应化学工业吗？

Trait 3: Co-optation

有时，运动领导者开始将自己与社会行动的原始目标更多地对齐，并采取他们的价值观而不是运动的价值观。1月，杰瑞·伊德尔森，“godfather of green“有助于发展利益，成为了总统绿色建筑倡议, the organization that runs绿色地球仪. It’s an alternative rating system that independent evaluations, including BuildingGreen’s recent 90-page “确定分析“维持不如LEED。然而，更麻烦的是，GBI成立并被摧毁LEED作为更好的选择的行业所提供资金，这是广泛的记录. The influence of these industries doesn’t appear to be changing under the organization’s new leadership, as I最近拼写出来.

Trait 4: Failure

当他们用冲突的目标分成竞争派系时，许多动作失败了。LEED和最近的生活建筑挑战represent different visions of green building, but they are complementary, and this diversity can help the movement by testing alternative possibilities for progress. However, Green Globes signals a path that could harm the movement — not because its vision isn’t as robust as LEED or the LBC, although it isn’t, but because its supporters are actively working to hold back progress. Green Globes’ advocates could represent the movement’s biggest threat.

特质5：成功

Success occurs when a movement meets its goals, and this is more easily defined and achieved when those goals are very specific. The suffrage movement declined once women got the vote, for example.

当运动的目标不断扩大时，胜利不太可能是可持续性的情况。竞彩足球app怎么下载我们什么时候可以真实地说我们在人类，其他物种和地球之间实现了和谐？作为这项努力的子集，绿色建筑运动必须不断举起杆。

Once all buildings have achieved net-zero energy and carbon neutrality, goals the industry has set for the year2030, the next step would be for all buildings to becomecarbon sinksand to produce enough energy to give some back to the community. This vision only considers a single set of issues — energy and emissions — and it may never be realized, but we can keep reaching for it.

“运动”意味着正常运动。为了仍然是一项运动，绿色建筑必须通过适应对环境和人类健康影响的新知识来表现出持续的进展。

今天，运动处于十字路口：它是否会继续适应，改进，延伸它的范围，或者会受到它被列为战斗的力量遭到妥协和共同选择的吗？