什么是一个正式的环境管理体系?
- Organization of EH&S departments
- 气候变化和全球变暖之间的区别
- How EH&S staffs can add business value
- 该做什么和不该做什么与环保组织合作
- 措施从工业废料中保护水源
- Postscripts: The University of Hard Knocks.
- Got a question? Let us know.
什么是一个正式的环境管理体系?
Steve:大多数人认为,一个正式的环境管理体系(EMS)是唯一一个符合规定的国际标准,是由已被认证由认证机构这样做外部考官验证。ISO 14001,生态管理和审计计划(EMAS),以及最近的SA8000社会管理体系经常被引用作为例子。
我不同意。电磁信号可以是“正式的”,而不一定是这些最明显的一个。任何公司,政府,社区或行业能有一个正式的EMS,只要它一)建立所需的方向,b)开发和文件的计划,C)工具定义的一组系统元件,d)监测的进展和e)采用的改进 - 经典的计划,执行,检查,行动的质量管理循环。有几家公司,我已经用了很正式的,它们或者仅仅基于上述标准或全部内部开发的EMS工作。其中有些是好过的“一刀切”的标准,因为他们对所开发他们公司的具体组织结构,文化和目标一致。
内部开发的正规的EMS的一个大优势是,他们往往还包括绩效目标和“仪表盘”的测量工具。什么理查德和我经常表示这克服了最规范的EMS最大的弱点:
- 该y are process-oriented, not performance-oriented
- 他们建立昂贵和维护
- 该y consume extensive internal personnel resources that could be devoted to higher value, higher importance issues
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怎么可能EH&S部门在今后组织的?
理查德:我已经就这个问题写了大量,最近一次是 Corporate Environmental Organizations: Evolving Business Management Strategiespublished in the September 2003 issue of企业环境战略。When EH&S professionals write or speak on this subject, they typically describe how EH&S organizations应该be structured, rather than how they may be structured in the future. For example, the move towards greater outsourcing of EH&S functions and the formation of EH&S shared service departments was not driven by EH&S professionals. It was driven by business executives who were interested in cutting the cost of all service-type activities. In other words, EH&S departments became swept up in a larger business reorganization.
该next reorganization trend to keep an eye on is business-process outsourcing (BPO). Companies in the technology business are broadening their portfolio of offerings by taking over the entire human resources (HR) functions for companies, not just computer services. The most recent, high profile example was IBM’s 10-year contract to take over the HR functions for Procter & Gamble. With EH&S functions becoming more systematized, executive management may think that these functions can be directly turned over to a BPO service company. Management may view this as being particularly attractive if the service provider has deep pockets and offers some form of liability protection.
这EH&S外包的第二波还没有发生,可能是因为主要服务供应商都集中在更大,更有利可图的合同,即那些对信息技术和人力资源。认识到BPO也抓不到上广;它是现在才出现。如果它起飞像共享服务在90年代做了,如果一些大满贯赛的最终提供EH&S打包服务,它可以从根本上改变EH&S对一些公司组织的景观。正如有将保持人力资源的各种管理,沟通和管理上的原因的内部副总裁,还有可能是一位资深内部EH&S的人,但没有一个内部员工。
BPO是否应适用于EH&S?当然,正如外包的内容和共享服务可以有效地应用于今天。但必须针对特定的服务领域非常有选择性地做。EH&S企业仍在恢复从执行不佳,自上而下外包的应用和共享服务。EH&S经理人应该走出在BPO的前面,并就当它可能适用的条件和积极的建议。
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What’s the difference between climate change and global warming?
Steve:这些短语通常,并错误地,交替使用。全球变暖是的多种因素,其产生在海洋中,表面和上大气温度上升的结果。这些上涨可能会发生在一个级别上,而不是其他,并在一个区域而不是其他。这就是正在就近期气候变暖的趋势如此困难程度进行科学评估,以牵制。
Climate change, on the other hand, is the result of a variety of factors that include global warming -- or cooling.
As Dick and I have mentioned from time to time, we should all be aware of, and prepared for, the Law of Unintended Consequences. This cousin of Murphy’s Law sets forth the premise that while we introduce changes to produce certain outcomes, there is always the probability that other, unintended consequences will also occur. The introduction of kudzu to the southeastern U.S. to control soil erosion is a perfect example, as was the invention of TNT (increased weaponry) and email (spam and viruses).
对于企业所面临的挑战(如机会)既是一种)如何应对气候变化(不是全球变暖)的风险管理他们的业务组合和b)如何满足这种变化带来的新兴和未来的需求。例子可能包括:
- 作物的发展已经提高耐受干旱和增加水分
- 新的公用设备在高海拔的安装
- 新型建材和设计具有较高的抗风等级
- Pulp/paper trees with broader disease resistance
- Alternative raw material sources and flexibility
While many are putting time and effort into stopping or reversing climate change, which I believe may be futile under the current set of circumstances, businesses that can incorporate flexibility and variability into their operations, facilities and products will be able to ‘weather the storm’ and have successful products for future markets.
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你能提供的EH&S的工作人员怎么能增加商业价值更真实的例子吗?
Steve:正如我指出早在八月,最真实的,有效的例子并不会发布,因为它们提供可量化的和经常实质性的竞争优势。这里还有两个最近的例子,尽管具体的公司名称被省略:
- 在一家制药公司的EH&S的工作人员开发出一种性能数据的收集,管理和展示“仪表盘”被捆绑到公司现有的管理会计的数据库。这使得业绩报告是基于公司的业务单元和现场组织结构上;系统会自动调整性能的措施,在公司的组织结构的任何变化。由于系统的适应性和报告功能的,其他公司的单位和团体也开始使用该系统的性能测量和报告。
- 在一家化学公司的EH&S的工作人员与客户合作的重要交付转移,虽然高风险,原材料从鼓卡车交货。鼓交付了用于显著人员曝光和溢出危害风险的潜力。供应商的EH&S工作人员提供,允许客户以激活未使用现场坦克的专业知识,建立一个封闭的输送歧管系统,并得到它允许的。除了降低风险和成本,供应商公司加大了销售和担保的长期客户。
遗憾的是,我不能提供具体的公司名称或增加业务价值的具体措施。
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什么是一些该做什么和不该做什么与环保组织合作的?
理查德:从历史上看,公司一直非常谨慎,直接与环保非政府组织(NGO)处理的。转折点可能已经是麦当劳 - 环保协会(现为环境保护) 1989年协议围绕一个艰难的公关完全转向的发行,包装废弃物。企业开始认识到环保组织并非铁板一块 - 应避免所有怒目而视疯子。我记得与娱乐在90年代初的得分非政府组织的一篇文章:用燃烧炸弹符号。地球优先!绿色和平组织有各五(最高分)和国家奥杜邦协会和大自然保护协会已经为零。
行业之间的协议和环境非政府组织are commonplace today. SustainAbility recently released a report on the changing role of NGOs in today’s environmental debate,”The 21st Century NGO – in the Market for Change.”即使绿色和平也越来越与2002年地球峰会符合行业的行为。路透新闻社报道, “Despite that reservation, both sides said the fact that they were making a joint statement at all was remarkable.” Home Depot made headlines with their agreement with Forest Stewardship Council. The mining industry recently embraced the concept of third party mining certification in the report”Finding the Way Forward.”上和它去。
人们不应假设所有现在是无风险。例如,地球之友极力推崇壳牌八年前的被更多的致力于可持续发展和五年前的全球气候联盟游说团体拉出。近日,它发布了一份报告,“失败的挑战”, lambasting Shell for what they claim to be its failure at the plant level to maintain a sustainable, socially responsible environment. So what went wrong?
有一些关键的做与不该做。是的,考虑与环境非政府组织的合作伙伴关系和协议。企业管理比以往有这样的安排更舒适;的门槛已经降低了由许多成功的先例。但是,不要松散组织这些交易。从一开始,就建立了什么协议各方都愿意做还是不做很具体,精确的限制。这些交易可以把丑陋的误会,如果突然出现了最初的目的和期望。你将永远无法提前预测的一切;持续的对话是必不可少的。当事人可以随时间变化,所以更是放在以书面形式,更好的人。
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采取了哪些措施,确保工业废水和生活污水的排放不会造成不良水质的影响?
Steve:大多数工业废水和生活污水不得排入河流,特别是如果他们的饮用水源。废水排放是由联邦和/或国家污染排放消除系统许可证,其中有每天,每周和/或每季监测和报告要求调整。由于证违法行为通常携带的每每人每天活动当天$ 25,000的罚款,罚款必须是数百万美元的潜力。通常情况下,虽然,全小金额进行评估,只有当可以建立犯罪意图。
Frank Friedman, of Frank B. Friedman & Associates, LLC, offers the following advice, “Data management systems should monitor discharge and reporting requirements, with some form of automatic follow-up. These are easy violations for agencies to detect and assess fines since they often involve paperwork violations that are easily proven."
丽莎默撒布朗伯格,与律师事务所Porzio,布朗伯格和纽曼,P.C.补充说“很明显,一些州,如新泽西州,是关于违反排放许可证中规定的污水限制的非常严重,在某些情况下实行强制处罚。”
我听到正在讨论的最困难的问题包括:
- 面积和间接来源,如农田,商业地产和住宅可以养分和油/油脂显著来源。这些是多种多样的,仍然基本上不受监管的来源;只有雨水排放法规到位若干商用物业。随着更多的区域被从分水岭透视,而不是通过一个逐点源为基础进行管理,例如间接源正变得越来越重要。
- State regulators sometimes presume that unattainable discharge limits will ‘force’ technology to ever-decreasing detection limits. While few will argue that discharges of incidental PCBs, mercury and other metals should be controlled or eliminated, having a discharge limit that is orders of magnitude lower than the technical detection limit serves no one well. Dischargers are often in technical non-compliance and the receiving water doesn’t become any cleaner.
- File reviews that we’ve conducted have revealed that industrial facilities are increasingly ‘forgetting’ to send in their Discharge Monitoring Reports – typically because the person responsible for them is no longer employed at the site and there is no system (or person) in place to conduct that task.
- 医药行业仍然是工作对药品痕量水平的问题,在公共水域或PIE(在环境制药)。更多信息可以在网上找到的http://www.phrma.org/mediaroom/press/releases/13.03.2002.366.cfmandhttp://www.epa.gov/nerlesd1/chemistry/pharma/index.htm。
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Postscripts: The University of Hard Knocks.在我们2002年10月专栏中,我们注意引进Mutual.com副基金(符号VICEX)作为计数器的社会责任投资基金。2003年3月列报的基金怎么不转出是一个投资的必杀技,但不曾有过足够的时间来作出决定性的评估。目前,该基金已经出一个全年,我们认为这可能是一个很好的时间来检查对基金和更新你的进度。
While over the past year the NASDAQ index has risen over 40% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen close to 20%, VICEX has remained a laggard, rising less than 10% over the past 12 months. It now has enough of a performance history to record a beta measure of around 0.9. This indicates that the fund is slightly less volatile than the overall market.
底线,然而,就是它看起来VICEX的基金经理,和它的投资者,已经从磨难大学课程学习。有趣的是,他们很可能伴随着很多的社会责任感的基金经理和投资者其资金的回报率也好不了多少,如果有的话,比VICEX年代。
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史蒂夫水稻的创始人和总裁环境机遇,公司,战略环境管理咨询公司,并在各种环境管理岗位已经工作了两个埃克森美孚和巴斯夫。理查德·麦克莱恩是总裁竞争环境公司,管理在亚利桑那州斯科茨代尔的咨询公司。他还担任的董事中心环境创新,公司并担任管理层的健康,安全和环境的立场在一些财富500强企业。