This article was originally published by世界资源研究所。

For those following Congressional climate policy in the United States, 2021 is ending with disappointment following setbacks to the Build Back Better Act in its current form, as Senate Democrats have (at time of writing) been unable to secure sufficient votes for passage.

The Build Back Better Act contains the heart of President Joe Biden’s domestic agenda, including over $500 billion in climate and clean energy provisions necessary for the U.S. to meet its climate goals. Congress must continue work towards passing needed climate and clean energy provisions that will build new sources of clean energy, make cost-saving energy technologies available to more households, invest in next-generation technologies and support energy workers.

尽管为Build Back Better Act的斗争还没有结束，但我们还必须确保将现有的联邦资金放在最佳的脱碳用途中。11月，拜登签署了1.2万亿美元基础设施Investment and Jobs Act, also known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law.

这项创纪录的立法重点关于运好用的买球外围app网站输，水和宽带基础设施，但还包含重要的能源条款，这些条款是建立未来清洁网格和增强系统弹性的首付。既然制定了法律，联邦，州和地方机构以及其他利益相关者必须专注于尽可能快速，有效和公平地实施这些与气候相关的规定。

联邦，州和地方机构以及其他利益相关者必须专注于尽可能快速，有效，有效地实施这些与气候相关的规定。

该法律包括数千亿美元的气候智能资金，代理商需要迅速采取行动，以使资金获得资金，以支持清洁能源和电网项目。由于2022年将是这些计划的关键实施期，因此有兴趣的利益相关者应组织起来，以确保这些资金得到利用，以实现最大的气候影响。公平与正义40要求 - 拜登的承诺，即40％的联邦气候和清洁能源投资受益于处境不利的社区 - 应集中于分配这些资金。

尽管一些资金的计划具有明确的公平组成部分（包括减轻家庭能源负担的大量投资），但更广泛的网格措施的实施必须涉及受影响的社区，工人和纳税人的倡导者，以确保两党基础设施​​支持公平的清洁能源法律。。

在这里，我们重点介绍了两党基础设施​​法中的一些关键清洁能源规定：

1.推动传输投资和部署

Adding new transmission lines is vital to decarbonizing the electric grid. Studies show that transmission capacity必须增加至少60到本十年结束时，百分比可以实现零排放电力系统。两党基础设施​​法为传输的大量投资提供了资金，这将有助于发展全国意义的输电线路，通过连接该国的地区来提高弹性，并改善获得更便宜的清洁能源的机会。

它还创建了一项新的传输促进计划，通过该计划，能源部将通过该计划支持电动传输项目，尤其是旨在支持国家传输骨架，以增加清洁能源的获取并提高电网弹性。该计划包括5000万美元的直接资金和25亿美元的循环贷款基金。按照书面方式，该计划将允许DOE提供技术和规划援助和贷款，以利用私人投资来建立所需的传输线路。

两党基础设施​​法为传输的大量投资提供了资金，这将有助于发展全国性的输电线路。

In addition to these funds, the bill includes important policy changes to federal transmission siting authority. It clarifies Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) authority on siting decisions for lines deemed to be in the national interest. This would enable FERC to authorize permits for interstate lines, and potentially overrule state siting decisions, for transmission lines determined to be part of national interstate transmission corridors.

The transmission provisions raise a number of implementation issues, including defining nationally significant transmission, where to prioritize investments, and how to address state and federal siting authority. Substantial stakeholder input will be needed to get these details right. The rules around siting will be critical for enabling the transmission build-out needed in the next decade and beyond.

2. Enabling smart and resilient grids

大量野火，飓风，热浪和extreme coldevents experienced this last year demonstrate the need for increasing grid resiliency. To address this, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law provides $11 billion over a suite of provisions to states, tribes and utilities to help make electric systems resilient to extreme weather, disasters and cyber-attacks.

该法律还提供了30亿美元的智能电网投资匹配赠款计划的扩展，以支持升级到现有的传输和分销网格，以提高其效率，其可靠性以及网格的灵活性，以实现更多的清洁能源。这些投资可以包括存储，微电网和升级，可以启用分布式能源。

除了这些赠款外，该法案还进行了许多政策更改，以帮助使网格适应不断变化的气候。一个例子包括根据《斯塔福德法》改革危害缓解灾难援助，以涵盖高野火风险地区的电力线的地下。

Effective implementation of these provisions to encourage smart and resilient grids will need to include input from all key stakeholders, including states, tribes, utilities and other interested parties. A diverse set of technologies will be needed in different regions because of the range of threats and grid conditions that exist.

3.推动城市和国家公平的清洁能源部署

两党基础设施​​法包括为城市和州提供资金，以帮助减轻能源负担，实施清洁能源项目，以创造就业机会并支持更清洁的运输，从而减少社区的有害排放。好用的买球外围app网站

To reduce energy burden for low-income residents, the bill includes $3.5 billion for the Weatherization Assistance Program to increase energy efficiency and lower energy costs for customers vulnerable to energy price spikes and additional energy assistance funds for low-income households. There is also $7.5 billion to build out electric vehicle charging infrastructure, and $5 billion is available to help schools replace polluting diesel buses with electric and low-emission buses, helping kids breathe cleaner air. And $500 million will go toward energy efficiency and renewable energy projects at public schools, which can help reduce long-term energy costs for schools and provide protection against energy price spikes to free up school funds for teachers and students.

为了减轻低收入居民的能源负担，该法案包括35亿美元的气候援助计划，以提高能源效率并降低客户的能源成本。

国家，城市和部落还将提供资金，以通过5亿美元的价格实施清洁能源计划和项目，以提供能源效率和保护区赠款计划和国家能源计划。这将包括在后者计划中创建循环贷款基金来进行能源审核和改造，这可以帮助地方政府提高建筑物的效率，并实现长期节能并减少排放。

Implementation of clean energy investments in communities and schools is sorely needed. Ensuring a broad distribution of funds across regions, including in marginalized communities, is essential. Criteria for equitable distribution will be essential for effective distribution of these funds. Agencies should emphasize stakeholder outreach to historically marginalized communities and ensure that there is adequate input from a diverse set of stakeholders.

4.维护现有的无碳发电来源

Clean energy investments in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law will help support two of the nation’s biggest existing sources of carbon-free energy: nuclear and hydropower, which生成20 percent and 7 percent of 2020 U.S. electricity, respectively. These carbon-free energy sources必须维护使电网格脱碳。

一个值得注意的新计划是《民事核信贷计划》，该计划授权从能源部向核反应堆提供高达60亿美元的财政支持，这是由于经济因素而关闭的风险。该计划将首先让该部门确定有可能关闭的符合条件的核反应堆，然后符合条件的核反应堆将以每兆瓦时的美元来提交要求的签订竞标。这些信用不得超过反应堆的年度运营损失，这是一种财务保障，确保联邦支持只会使反应堆“重新回到黑色”并保持在线。实施该计划是保持该国现有的核车队和无碳基本负荷功率的重要一步。

一个关键的实施挑战将是确定处于风险的设施，并确定获得资金和所需投资水平的标准。投标流程的设计细节将决定联邦投资的效率。利益相关者的输入对于正确制定这些规则至关重要。

5.推进无碳网格所需的新兴技术

Substantial funding is also available to accelerate the deployment of technologies needed to achieve net-zero emissions in the power sector, including batteries and new types of storage, advanced nuclear, hydrogen and carbon capture. For batteries, $6 billion in grants will be available to expand battery research and development, increase domestic battery production and support the domestic supply chain and recycling of critical materials. There is also $500 million available for长时间存储技术that can operate for days or weeks and help address weather-related and seasonal variability of renewables.

60亿美元的赠款将用于扩大电池研发，增加国内电池的产量并支持国内供应链和关键材料的回收利用。

A total of $21.5 billion will be available for demonstration projects and research hubs through the Department of Energy, including $2.5 billion for advanced nuclear reactor projects and $1.5 billion for demonstration projects in rural and economically distressed areas. More than $8 billion will be available to advance clean hydrogen, including funds to support four regional clean hydrogen hubs to capture economies of scale in production, storage, distribution and use of hydrogen. This funding also includes research to reduce the cost of hydrogen production from electrolyzers and enable recycling and reuse of system components.

此外，预付碳捕获技术还超过100亿美元，包括直接空气捕获枢纽，大规模碳存储的商业化，碳捕获示范项目，碳捕获运输和捕获的碳的使用。好用的买球外围app网站

这些新兴技术的技术研究，开发和演示规定将受益于竞争性招标和利益相关者的投入，以确定如何针对资金。围绕氢枢纽部署和鼓励家用电池制造的区域考虑是重要的问题，将受益于利益相关者的投入。

The Build Back Better Act must also pass to enable the clean energy transition

两党基础设施​​法的投资对于帮助建造美国人们依靠清洁，安全和负担得起的能源的能源系统至关重要，并且有效实施这些资金至关重要。该国的电力系统必须现代化并适应极端天气，最大程度地减少气候影响并确保所有人的可靠能源。确保我们在战略上有效地实施这些资金对于提高电网弹性至关重要。

While implementation of the electric sector investments in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law are vitally important, they are insufficient to fully decarbonize the power sector.More is needed随着气候规定Build Back Better Act- 在接下来的十年中，将在脱碳并快速扩展清洁能源生产方面发挥关键作用的转型软件包。

While implementation of the electric sector investments in the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law are vitally important, they are insufficient to fully decarbonize the power sector.

The House-passed version of the Build Back Better Act includes a $300 billion package of clean energytax creditsthat are essential to drive the renewable energy, transmission and storage projects needed to meet U.S. climate goals. These provisions are critical to deploying clean energy affordably and equitably. The Build Back Better Act makes important reforms to existing tax credits by expanding eligibility to new technologies such as battery energy storage and transmission, and makes direct pay reforms that will increase the accessibility of these technologies to public entities and households without significant tax liability. This will make technologies such as rooftop solar, residential energy efficiency and electric vehicles affordable for more households. Such tax credit reforms are just one piece of the important clean energy provisions within the Build Back Better Act.

两党基础设施​​定律的网格准备度量必须与Build Back Back更好的行为的清洁能量衡量配对。最近的WRI分析表明，必须将气候智能基础设施投资和通过税收抵免的联邦对清洁能源的支持结合起来，以使美国在本世纪中叶之前进入零排放的道路。这些投资还可以帮助降低家庭能源成本，其中一个分析估计家庭能源节省近500美元。

Independent分析consistently shows that enacting the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law alone will leave a significant emissions gap of almost 1 billion tons between current policy and the country's international climate commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 50-52 percent below 2005 levels by 2030.

两党基础设施​​法是一个值得注意的一步，但工作远非完成。国会必须通过更好的行动来实现美国的气候目标，并确保美国安全，清洁和韧性的未来