如何弹性将塑造建筑设计的未来

Hurricanes, flooding droughts, wildfires, landslides and terrorism.

这些都是我们将要解决绿色设计未来的问题 - 如果你购买到的理论，美国绿色建筑委员会的LEED无处不计划帮助预测未来趋势。过去LEED试点学分揭示我们忽视的问题，比如水，交通，声学，人体工程学和灯光污染。

Looking at LEED pilot credits as if they were a crystal ball, we can see in them larger trends in the future of design — for example, moving toward a greater emphasis on health and comfort, or a growing interest in site and community.

In November, USGBC’s steering committee for the LEED rating system announced it had approved three LEED pilot credits on弹性设计。

我们知道建筑在气候变化，这是造成更多的灾难和冲突显著的作用。随着世界各国领导人在巴黎会见十二月，以应对全球碳排放量，他们还讨论了弹性。

虽然我们挑战自我，以阻止气候变化，我们也面临着如何保护自己，如何是有弹性的，在已经到达灾害面前。

“我们必须有弹性的主要目标，当我们谈论气候变化，”曼努埃尔Pulgar - 维达尔，环境在秘鲁部长，告诉代表们在COP21。

求生存选择

亚历克斯·威尔逊，谁负责了弹性设计研究院和谁是主要作者和弹性的LEED试点学分的冠军，已自飓风卡特里娜谈论弹性hit New Orleansin 2005.

The week following Katrina, he wrote an editorial inEnvironmental Building News这表明我们在如何开发墨西哥湾沿岸和其他脆弱地区的建筑物仔细看。威尔逊然后带领在2005年的一系列亚特兰大charrettes的，其中包括从墨西哥湾沿岸的人，创造了10点New Orleans Principles指引沿海地区重建遭受了一场灾难。

In New Orleans, they found that older homes fared better for residents after Katrina in the days with no power than new homes designed for air conditioning. That's because the older homes were designed with vernacular architecture, with wrap-around verandas and natural ventilation keeping them cooler.

This is what Wilson calls "passive survivability," which designers more commonly refer to simply as "resilience."

One new LEED pilot credit on resilience — credit 100 on the LEED numbering system — is titled the Passive Survivability design credit. Its purpose is to准备建筑设计for functionality during emergencies, requiring the design team to create a building that provides two of these: livable conditions after a disaster; backup power; or access to potable water. (The most resilient design would have all three, but the design only needs two to earn a pilot credit from LEED.)

"This is the credit where we really broke new ground," Wilson said.

工程师长时间了设计的建筑物被设定的一定温度区内操作ASHRAEfor the comfort of occupants. But that's not all.

“这不是关于保持居住者舒适，”威尔逊说。“这是关于让他们活着。”

以设计为被动的生存能力，工程师不是在设计标准温度测量。相反，他们正在使用“可居住区”，其中包括相对湿度等因素对人体生理非常重要。例如，在一个90度的天在凤凰城在停电后的建筑物是会影响不同于在一个90度的天在休斯顿建筑是你的体温和健康。

对于温度的新指标需要一种新的方式来模拟建筑物，将成为绿色设计界一个真正的挑战。

“人们不熟悉的设计到这些温度变量，它需要一个学习的过程，”威尔逊说。

然而,已经可以提供一些新的建筑s models (and might have qualified for the new resiliency credits had they existed sooner. These buildings possibly could get the points retroactively).

Designing a new model

Wilson cites Chesapeake Bay Foundation’s (CBF) new Brock Environmental Center in Virginia Beach as probably the best model we have for resiliency.

CBF is a conservation organization dedicated to saving Chesapeake Bay from pollution. The Brock Center, completed in 2015, has resiliency features that include building efficiency, a PV system, wind turbines built to withstand hurricane force winds, natural ventilation, daylighting, rainwater catchment, composting toilets and recycled water.

该建筑也升高，因为它是海湾附近，以避免风暴潮。

"It wouldn’t take much for the Brock Center to be able to serve as a resilience hub for the area — providing a place where residents could charge their cell phones during a power outage, fill up a water bottle and use restroom facilities,” Wilson said.

The Brock Center is targeting the strict standards of theLiving Building Challenge由国际生活未来研究所（ILFI）给予的评级体系。实现生活大厦状态之前，大楼必须通过它的性能在一年时间内，它符合所有生成自身的能量并捕获或回收所有的水建设需求的标准证明。

The Brock Center and the Bullitt Center in Seattle, a Living Building and home to ILFI, with renewable energy and potable water onsite, easily meet all the standards set by the new LEED pilot credits, except neither building has backup power. Wilson said this easily could be remedied with batteries.

其他两个LEED导频币（第98和99）是更多关于该网站。对于弹性的信用第一，评估和规划，需要设计团队严重危险评估的初步设计阶段的一部分，完整的气候适应能力计划或应急计划。

第二信贷，设计用于增强韧性，要求设计团队取前三名的危害，从信用第一，设计从他们的安全。

The Brock Center is right on the coast — a location that comes with a very specific set of hazards. The roof is designed to withstand 120-130 mph winds, exceeding the local code requirement. Triple glazed windows from Europe also have a high wind resistance. (Europe has been designing for passive survivability for some time.)

飓风华测试布鲁克中心在10月，又CBF建设经理Chris Gorri捕获的建筑优雅地承受严重的风暴和洪水伴随它的照片。

与此同时，落基山研究所的玄武岩中，科罗拉多州，并在不列颠哥伦比亚省的温哥华大学的计划也可能会满足新标准的弹性新建筑新的创新中心，威尔逊说。

对于弹性的LEED试点学分将适用于所有建筑物设计和施工（BD + C）评级系统，以家庭和沿多层住宅的评级系统。一旦测试并通过引导程序的提高，学分会成为LEED评级系统的标准部分。