如何智取浪费
这是一个摘录智取垃圾:垃圾的现代理念和如何看待它的我们的出路与贝瑞特 - 科勒出版社的许可。
升级改造的艺术
可回收和再利用废弃物的主要区别是,随着升级改造的对象改变初衷。例如,如果一个画家采用了手绘帆布为一种新的绘画,他被重用的画布。但是,如果不是同一个画家采用帆布分开,采用木头做框架,并使用布料缝制钱包 - 这就是升级改造。
可回收性是不是一个新概念
升级改造的想法是不是所有的新。人们一直在升级改造了数千年。事实上,在工业革命前(之前通常需要进行流程再造成了现成的),再利用和升级改造是常见的做法。目前还没有垃圾填埋场或焚烧炉可言,而“一次性用品”的想法根本就没有在今天这样的方式存在。如果你的裤子穿了,剩下的材料可以用作抹布或再拍一件衣服。如果一条腿掰你的餐桌,最初由表中的木材可以用来制作货架。
废物的概念是一种奢侈,这也许是为什么升级改造是在贫穷国家更普遍比富裕的人。获得在这个过程中颇有创意 - 如果你没有足够的资源来购买新的对象,你会看什么是可用的和使用满足您的需求。
留下你的假设在门口
The best way to wrap your head around upcycling is to stop looking at objects as waste. Take a tip from nature and look at your “waste” as a valuable material — an output whose initial intention doesn’t need to determine its current purpose. Look at what that object is but try to ignore what it was. In fact, try to pretend that you don’t even know what it was made for in the first place.
例如,从升级改造的点,芯片袋不是食品包装;它是一个柔性塑料膜。这是具有非常高的拉伸强度的防水,色彩鲜艳,薄且易于撕裂的材料。这种材料比较明显的应用是纺织和缝纫,但可能性是无止境的。
再举一个例子:自行车链条。如果你不知道,被制成自行车的重要组成部分,你将被释放,看看它没有这种镜头 - 作为一个重型金属链连接到自身和可以很容易地制作成更小的部分。珠宝,壶,时钟和其它升级回收对象的主机仅开始划伤一次的自行车链的用途的表面上。
Or how about a vinyl record? If you didn’t know that these objects were made to play music (which may be the case with many younger people), you’d just see a black plastic disc about the size of a Frisbee. If you did some experimenting, you’d find that it can be molded after applying a little heat with a hair dryer. What once might have showered bedrooms and dance clubs with music can now be easily formed into a bowl, a plate, or a clock. This list goes on and on and is really limited only by our imagination.
升级改造的业务
人们一直在升级改造,只要新的对象已经打破,或最近,时尚的出去了,但现场其实只是从商业的角度来看回升。在过去的十年中,社会意识的组织已经升级改造自己的业务做。这首先开始在较贫穷的国家,如墨西哥和菲律宾各非政府组织(NGO)。
Beginning in September 2004, the People’s Recovery, Empowerment, Development Assistance (PREDA) Foundation, a charitable organization that was founded in the Philippines in 1974, began producing, selling and shipping items made from upcycled juice pouches — a waste stream just as common in the Philippines as in the United States.
PREDA trains people to collect used juice pouches (including many students, helping their schools earn money in the process), pays them for their efforts and teaches them about the environment. After the collected pouches are cleaned and sanitized, PREDA makes them available to women who produce handcrafted items. Since 2004 PREDA has sold thousands of upcycled products worldwide.
Mitz,命名为Nahuati字,意思是“你”,是由朱ACHAR创建于2003年(PREDA的前一年)。她开始Mitz基金之家作好去帕罗奥独奏,墨西哥一家蒙特梭利学校是自1979年以来已经提供社区服务,为低收入家庭的学生。
搜索的方式来发展社区和有工作成员的份额,朱迪思汇聚了一批母亲从当地学校和企业抛出的材料制造的日常用品。主要产品有手织袋由各种食品包装包装制作。
Upcycling as an industry is not confined to places such as Mexico and the Philippines; people in more-developed regions of the world are also getting into the business. In 1993 graphic designer brothers Markus and Daniel Freitag were on the lookout for a messenger bag. Inspired by the colored truck tarps that they saw on the highways in Switzerland, they started FREITAG, a highly successful company that now makes various upcycled bags available all around the world.
但表不能与卡车防水布和邮差包停止。从拆卸船和建筑装饰茶吧木upcycles使相框等物品家居装饰。Ecoist,在功能上类似Mitz,编织糖果包装成时尚包包。全球交易所upcycles旧杂志到碗,触发器进鞋垫,汽水罐变成钱包等等。
该Greenshop upcycles印刷橡皮布,广告牌和内胎,使宠物项圈,笔记本电脑外壳及笔记本电脑的文件夹。总部位于纽约的in2green创建棉制服装,毛毯和利用T恤剪报制作纱手提包。Transglass使美丽的花瓶,旧酒瓶其他玻璃碎片。
白衣麦克劳德repurposes橡木酒酒桶做出独特的家具。垃圾箱放upcycles汽水罐和中国 - 外卖盒到便携音箱的MP3播放器和吉他放大器。上升周期产品repurposes大型食品桶成雨桶和堆肥。而我的公司,TerraCycle,在升级改造的全球领导者,让一切从饼干包装风筝葡萄酒桶堆肥。
升级回收产品的名单,至少只要能在自己的建筑(而且做起来的公司)使用废旧产品材料清单。幸运的是,你不必是一个公司或一个非政府组织,以充分利用可回收自己的利益。
Leveraging upcycling as an individual
这需要做自己动手(DIY)的心态东西,成功上升周期在家里。补充一点,关于废弃和,瞧你的新观点,你是在家里准备智取浪费的升级改造。在家里可回收比拥有一个升级改造公司这样做,因为你避免附带运送垃圾的升级改造公司,然后运送升级回收产品还给你对环境的影响更加环保。
成功的在家升级改造的关键是首先分离出你的垃圾。尽量保持有机物和无机物分开。即使你不这样做堆肥,考虑为有机废物一个垃圾桶,一个用于无机物。这个简单的分离也将使其在事件更容易,你最终开始堆肥的行为。
一旦你开始你的分离垃圾,考虑清洁它把它变成你的垃圾桶前,只是现在你的“垃圾桶”是不是一个真正的垃圾可以了 - 这是一个“原料存储单元”。考虑到这一点,尽量组织它作为一个车间你会原料。您移除的酸奶杯,并从糖果包装纸巧克力酸奶后,尝试浪费组织成三个基本类别。
Flexible packaging:一切从芯片袋糖果包装纸臭名昭著的塑料购物袋 - 如果你能变皱,它适合在柔性包装类别。如果保持材料类型在一起(芯片袋芯片袋和塑料袋塑料袋),事实上你可以直接导火索在一起通过将它们蜡纸片之间,并在他们运行一个温暖的铁。得到的材料则可以缝合,不流泪,到手提包,钱包,饭盒和几乎任何你能想象。
Rigid packaging:酸奶浴缸和塑料瓶是硬质包装的很好的例子。虽然刚性对象不能缝合,他们是伟大的积木都名副其实。如果您在底部打一个排水孔,酸奶杯,人造黄油桶可以被用来启动或幼苗生长全尺寸的植物。塑料瓶可以减少一半,并制作成烛台或园艺工具,也可以用于棚,围栏和甚至家庭作出巨大积木如果装满沙子或类似的东西。
Everything else:Because flexible and rigid packaging constitutes most home waste, whatever doesn’t fit in either category can go together. Because the range of waste types you can encounter here is enormous, “everything else” can be a little more challenging. But don’t be alarmed — almost everything has upcycling potential. Wine corks can be made into corkboards, bottle caps into art and jewelry, pens into chandeliers, and on and on. If you are having any trouble thinking of what to create with a particular waste item, go to your favorite search engine, type in the name of the waste stream followed by the word "upcycled," and you’ll likely find a whole slew of ideas.
Categories for home waste upcycling
— Organics
- 无机软包装
- 无机硬质包装
- 其他的一切
通过适当的分离,一点点清洁和DIY精神,你可以有效地上升周期大部分的垃圾变成有用的物品 - 并用自己的方式来消除你家的垃圾的想法。
利用在工作中升级改造
可回收性不局限于你的家,是还可以被带到工作场所可持续发展的做法。TerraCycle,例如,在24个国家设有办事处,而且我们所有的办公室的设计,并配有完全升级回收的材料。舾装工作区与升级回收材料的好处(超越有我们的美国总部被称为由纽约时报“在世界上最酷的办公室”的一个)是它的成本比传统的室内设计方案要少得多。当您使用废料,你的原材料成本是非常低的,很多时候免费,有时甚至是负的。
Beyond using waste to design an office, many companies are in the business of making stuff. Factories, for instance, almost always generate pre-consumer waste (or “factory waste”) in the process of production.
消费前废弃物不只是工厂在供应链的末端,但所有沿整个供应链的工厂产生的,通常代表年产量3%至10%。
The great thing about pre-consumer waste is that it is typically clean and best of all it’s sorted — it’s truckloads of clean labels or clean bottles if you are in the shampoo business, and it’s truckloads of trimmings and unused fabrics if you are in the clothing business. Whatever it is, it is prime raw material for upcycling. Consider upcycling the waste your workplace produces, or ask a company that upcycles to help you out.
不要限制你的升级改造的野心,只是你的家。智胜垃圾是没有国界的,可以单独和组织应用。虽然有很多方法可以上升周期,和一个巨大的项目的数量,可以升级回收,也有一些限制。
The limits of upcycling
可回收性是一门艺术,而不是科学的,不幸的是,它也有它的局限性。首先,不是每个人都是做自己动手谁愿意分开和清洁废物升级改造的目的。Not only is upcycling limited by the number of people who are willing to do it but the current market size (as demonstrated by the companies that are in the upcycling business) is very small — perhaps because it’s a relatively new business concept or perhaps because the market actually is quite small.
Another limit to upcycling is that it’s a relatively low-volume solution compared with the total volume of waste out there. Even if every backpack, pencil case and tote bag in the world were made out of upcycled juice pouches, that would still represent only about 10 percent of all the juice pouches produced, not to mention that an upcycled backpack covered with logos doesn’t appeal to everyone.
最后,实际上并非所有可以cycled. Used chewing gum, diapers and cigarettes cannot technically be upcycled in the same way an old barrel or a plastic bag can.
无论限制,如果你相信通过升级改造智胜浪费的想法,你可以通过购买升级回收产品支持它作为一种实践。这是你施放通过购买的东西,全能票进场。
Almost any product you can imagine has an upcycled counterpart; it just may take a little time to find it.
对于大批量解决方案垃圾,特别是不能重复使用或升级回收垃圾,我们向下移动的垃圾层次 - 回收利用。
(升级改造的限制):
- 不是每个人都愿意来分离和清理垃圾。
- 它与废物的总体积相比的低体积的溶液。
- 不是什么都可以升级回收。