3种房地产开发商能够保持领先的气候变化

The value ofglobal real estateis enormous, topping $217 trillion, of which 75 percent is residential homes and property. Given this scale, it is hard to overstate the importance of real estate to people’s personal fortunes. For many, it is their largest single investment.

住宅房地产市场越来越容易受到气候变化。人们开始认识到这一新的现实 - 和资本市场已经开始反映这种变化。

This shift present opportunities and risks for developers, lenders and investors that do business in this market. Understanding these dynamics will help them better navigate the challenges and capitalize on the opportunities. Here are three ways they can do so:

1. Help municipalities adapt

Climate change leaves municipalities increasingly vulnerable to climate shocks — sudden, extreme events such as hurricanes and severe wildfires — that can upend a local real estate market, infrastructure and economy seemingly overnight.

It also leaves coastal areas vulnerable to more gradual changes, too, such as rising sea levels thatZillow的估计threatens 1.9 million homes. These properties are concentrated in states such as Florida (934,000 homes), New Jersey (190,000) and New York (96,000), and in cities such as Boston (17 percent of homes), Honolulu (24 percent) and Miami (30 percent).

Despite the growing risk, municipalities have been slow to adapt. That may be about to change.

Recently,Moody’s announceda change in how it calculates credit scores for U.S. cities and states by including the potential for climate shocks in determining credit ratings. This will create new opportunities for business by forcing local and state governments to accelerate investments in projects to adapt to climate change in order to stave off adowngradeof their credit rating. Businesses should look to take advantage of this opportunity and help cities adapt.

2. Build to be resilient

力宏ebuyers are highly sensitive to sudden threats of personal harm and will change their buying behavior in order to avoid them.极端的野火such as the ones in California last year are an example of this.

Not surprisingly, wildfires can upend local real estate markets. Not only are whole neighborhoods lost, but学习suggest that demand for surviving homes within the vicinity of the fires drop precipitously as people feel less safe living there.Most homeownerswho lose their homes move away rather that rebuild. The lack of services, infrastructure and community discourages many would-be newcomers from buying even at a discount.

Despite the growing risk, municipalities have been slow to adapt. That may be about to change.

采用弹性设计，可帮助加速恢复，但是重建。致命的野火1991以上奥克兰，加利福尼亚州，在该州历史上最具破坏性的一个山丘，提供线索，它是如何发生的。在这起火灾发生后，房屋被改建基于更新的安全码that required fire-retardant designs, materials and landscaping. Streets were widened to slow the spread of future fires (and facilitate egress during emergencies) and a new fire station was built nearby.

Arguably, these changes accelerated redevelopment by making homeowners feel more secure in buying or rebuilding homes, and created new opportunities for businesses to design and build them. Today, "it’s a highly sought-after neighborhood" with homes selling for a premium in the $1 million to $3 million range, said Daniel Stea of Stea Realty Group in nearby Berkeley.

3. Shift to higher ground

购房者始终有恋爱沿海域海岸性质。然而，今天，也就是beginning to change. According to Attom Data Solutions, over the last five years, "房屋销售在洪水易发沿海地区同比增长约25％，少速度快于通常不洪水县“。

这种转变的一个重要原因是，它正变得越来越昂贵生活在那里。Flood insurance保费增加，以反映实际的风险，由$ 10,000的保险每$ 500强压下增加房屋价值，根据韦恩Pathman，热火的海平面上升委员会主席。作为社区花纳税人的钱，以提高道路和排水提升房产税正在增加。如今，家庭受到海平面上升出售在7 percent discount对未暴露等同家园。

Residents are also growing tired of the daily inconveniences caused by king tides that leave flooded streets on clear days and make car insurance more expensive and harder to obtain. Others are weary of dealing with construction crews near their properties that are reinforcing shorelines against rising seas.

In response, some coastal residents are starting to贸易在自己的家园for ones on higher ground. Some even speculate that less-affluent Miami neighborhoods on a coastal ridge (15 feet above sea level) are gentrifying because of this migration.

Miami isn’t the only city where people are moving to higher ground.Hollywood celebritieson the West Coast are moving to the hills above Malibu Beach. In the process, they are upending a longstanding notion of what makes a desirable place to live: "The whole 'being on the beach' thing has started to fade away," Anthony Paradise, a real estate agent at Sotheby’s, told the Hollywood Reporter.

开发人员应该通过发展周边被更多的保护，在海平面上升的地区性保持领先这个迁移。这样的发展会更加适应气候变化的影响，并有可能在价值上欣赏需求的增长为高地上的住宿。